Dean Acheson, Present at the Creation

Henry Adams, Witness to Power: the Life of Fleet Admiral William D. Leahy

Gar Alperovitz, Atomic Diplomacy

Gar Alperovitz, The Decision To Use the Atomic Bomb

H. H. [Hap] Arnold, Global Mission

Hanson Baldwin, Great Mistakes of the War

Barton Bernstein, ed., The Atomic Bomb

Barton Bernstein and Allen Matusow, ed., The Truman Administration: A Documentary History

Kai Bird, The Chairman: John J. McCloy, the Making of the American Establishment

John Blum, ed., The Price of Vision - The Diary of Henry A. Wallace, 1942-1946

Walter Brown, James F. Byrnes of South Carolina

McGeorge Bundy,Danger and Survival: Choices About the Bomb in the First Fifty Years

Robert Butow, Japan's Decision To Surrender

James Byrnes, All In One Lifetime

James Byrnes, Speaking Frankly

Winston Churchill, Triumph and Tragedy, paperback edition

Ronald Clark, Einstein: The Life and Times

Ronald Clark, The Greatest Power on Earth

Ronald Clark, The Man Who Broke Purple: The Life of Colonel William F. Friedman, Who Deciphered the Japanese Code in World War II

Arthur Holly Compton, Atomic Quest

James Conant, My Several Lives

Norman Cousins, The Pathology of Power

William Craig, The Fall of Japan

Ed Cray, General of the Army: George C. Marshall

Nuel Pharr Davis, Lawrence and Oppenheimer

Robert Donovan, Conflict and Crisis

John Dower, War Without Mercy

Dwight Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe

Dwight Eisenhower, Mandate for Change

Herbert Feis, The Atomic Bomb and the End of World War II

Robert Ferrell, ed., Dear Bess: the Letters from Harry to Bess Truman, 1910-1959

Robert Ferrell, ed., Off the Record - the Private Papers of Harry S. Truman

Martin Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, Never Despair, 1945-1965

Len Giovannitti and Fred Freed, The Decision To Drop the Bomb

Leslie Groves, Now It Can Be Told

Helen Hawkins, G. Allen Greb, and Gertrud Weiss Szilard, ed., Toward a Livable World: Leo Szilard and the Crusade for Nuclear Arms Control

James Hershberg, James B. Conant: Harvard to Hiroshima and the Making of the Nuclear Age

Richard Hewlett and Oscar Anderson, The New World: A History of the United States Atomic Energy Commission, Vol. 1, 1939-1946

Godfrey Hodgson, The Colonel: The Life and Wars of Henry Stimson, 1867-1950

David Holloway, Stalin and the Bomb

Townsend Hoopes and Douglas Brinkley, Driven Patriot: the Life and Times of James Forrestal

Edwin Hoyt, Japan's War

Akira Iriye, Power and Culture: The Japanese-American War 1941-1945

Walter Johnson, ed., Turbulent Era - Joseph Grew, Vol. II

Toshikazu Kase, Journey To the Missouri

Ernest King and Walter Muir Whitehill, Fleet Admiral King: A Naval Record

Fletcher Knebel and Charles Bailey II, No High Ground

Dan Kurzman, Day of the Bomb: Countdown to Hiroshima

William Lanouette, Genius In the Shadows: A Biography of Leo Szilard, the Man Behind the Bomb

William D. Leahy, I Was There

Ronald Lewin, The American Magic: Codes, Ciphers and the Defeat of Japan

Robert Jay Lifton and Greg Mitchell, Hiroshima in American: Fifty Years of Denial

David Lilienthal, The Journals of David E. Lilienthal, Volume Two

William Manchester, American Caesar: Douglas MacArthur, 1880-1964

John McCloy, The Challenge to American Foreign Policy

Charles Mee, Meeting at Potsdam

Robert Messer, The End of an Alliance: James F. Byrnes, Roosevelt, Truman, and the Origins of the Cold War

Walter Millis, ed., The Forrestal Diaries

Elting Morison, Turmoil and Tradition: A Study of the Life and Times of Henry L. Stimson

Paul Nitze, From Hiroshima to Glasnost

Philip Nobile, ed., Judgment at the Smithsonian

Pacific War Research Society, The Day Man Lost

Pacific War Research Society, Japan's Longest Day

Forrest Pogue, George C. Marshall: Statesman 1945-1959

Public Papers of the Presidents, Harry S. Truman, 1945

Martin Quigley, Peace Without Hiroshima

James Reston, Deadline [Appendix contains John McCloy article on 6/18/45 meeting with Truman]

Richard Rhodes, The Making of the Atomic Bomb

David Robertson, Sly and Able - A Political Biography of James F. Byrnes

Arnold Rogow, James Forrestal: A Study of Personality, Politics and Policy

Michael Sherry, The Rise of American Air Power

Martin Sherwin, A World Destroyed, 1987 edition

Robert Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins

Leon Sigal, Fighting To a Finish

John Ray Skates, The Invasion of Japan: Alternative to the Bomb

Alice Kimbal Smith, A Peril and A Hope

Alice Kimbal Smith and Charles Weiner, ed., Robert Oppenheimer: Letters and Recollections

Richard Norton Smith, An Uncommon Man: the Triumph of Hervert Hoover

Henry Stimson & McGeorge Bundy, On Active Service In Peace and War

Lewis Strauss, Men and Decisions

Ronald Takaki, Hiroshima: Why American Dropped the Atomic Bomb

Strobe Talbot, The Master of the Game [has info on the Strategic Bombing Survey]

John Toland, The Rising Sun

Harry Truman, Year of Decisions

Margaret Truman, Harry S. Truman

Stewart Udall, The Myths of August

U.S. Dept. of State, Foreign Relations of the U.S., The Conference of Berlin (Potsdam) 1945, vol. 1

U.S. Dept. of State, Foreign Relations of the U.S., The Conference of Berlin (Potsdam) 1945, vol. 2

Timothy Walch and Dwight Miller, ed., Herbert Hoover and Harry Truman: A Documentary History

Michael Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars

Spencer Weart and Gertrud Weiss Szilard, ed., Leo Szilard: His Version of the Facts

Robert Williams and Philip Cantelon, ed., The American Atom

Peter Wyden, Day One: Before Hiroshima and After

Ellis Zacharias, Secret Missions: the Story of an Intelligence Officer

Gar Alperovitz, Why the United States Dropped the Bomb, Technology Review, Aug./Sept. 1990

Gar Alperovitz, Enola Gay: A New Consensus, Washington Post, 2/4/95, pg. A17

Gar Alperovitz, Kai Bird, Was Hiroshima Needed to End the War?, Christian Science Monitor, 8/6/92, pg. 19

Gar Alperovitz, Robert Messer, and Barton Bernstein, Correspondence: Marshall, Truman, and the Decision to Drop the Bomb, International Security, Winter 1991/1992

Hanson Baldwin, How the Decision To Drop the Bomb Was Made: 'Little Boy's' Long, Long Journey, New York Times Magazine, 8/1/65

Barton Bernstein, An Analysis of 'Two Cultures': Writing about the Making and the Using of the Atomic Bombs, The Public Historian, Spring 1990

Barton Bernstein, The Atomic Bombings Reconsidered, Foreign Affairs, Jan./Feb. 1995

Barton Bernstein, The Dropping of the A-Bomb, Center Magazine, March/April 1983

Barton Bernstein, Eclipsed by Hiroshima and Nagasaki: Early Thinking About Tactical Nuclear Weapons, International Security, Spring 1991

Barton Bernstein, The Perils and Politics of Surrender: Ending the War with Japan and Avoiding the Third Atomic Bomb, Pacific Historical Review, Feb. 1977

Barton Bernstein, A Postwar Myth: 500,000 U.S. Lives Saved, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, June/July 1986

Barton Bernstein, Roosevelt, Truman, and the Atomic Bomb, 1941-1945: a Reinterpretation, Political Science Quarterly, Spring 1975

Barton Bernstein, Seizing the Contested Terrain of Early Nuclear History: Stimson, Conant, and Their Allies Explain the Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb, Diplomatic History, Winter 1993

Barton Bernstein, A 'Surrender' on the Enola Gay, San Francisco Chronicle, 2/3/95, pg. A23

Barton Bernstein, Unraveling a Mystery: American POWs Killed at Hiroshima, Foreign Service Journal, Oct. 1979

Barton Bernstein, Writing, Righting, or Wronging the Historical Record: President Truman's Letter on His Atomic Bomb Decision, Diplomatic History, Winter 1992

Kai Bird, The Curators Cave In, New York Times, 10/9/94, pg. 15 (OP-ED section)

Kai Bird, Enola Gay: 'Patriotically Correct', Washington Post, 7/7/95, p. A21

Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars, April-June 1995 issue

McGeorge Bundy, Pearl Harbor Brought Peace, Newsweek, 12/16/91

Tony Capaccio, 'Truman' Author Errs on Japan Invasion Casualty Memo, Defense Week, 10/11/94

Tony Capaccio, Pentagon A-Bomb Exhibit Includes Suspect Casualty Claims, Defense Week, 8/7/95

Tony Capaccio and Uday Mohan, Missing the Target, American Journalism Review, July/August 1995

Diplomatic History, Spring 1995 issue

Einstein Deplores Use of Atom Bomb, New York Times, 8/19/46

GI's in Pacific Go Wild With Joy; 'Let 'Em Keep Emperor,' They Say, New York Times, 8/11/45, pg. 1, 4

James Hilkins, The Rhetoric of 'Unconditional Surrender' and the Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb, Quarterly Journal of Speech, Nov. 1983

Ike on Ike, Newsweek, 11/11/63

William Laurence, Would You Make the Bomb Again?,New York Times Magazine, 8/1/65

Justin Libby, The Search for a Negotiated Peace, World Affairs, Summer 1993

Robert Manoff, American Victims of Hiroshima, New York Times Magazine, 12/2/84, pg. 67+

Timothy McNulty, War of Words: What the Museum Couldn't Say, New York Times, 2/5/95, pg. E5

Robert Messer, New Evidence on Truman's Decision, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Aug. 1985

Uday Mohan, Sanho Tree, Hiroshima, the American Media, and the Construction of Conventional Wisdom, Journal of American-East Asian Relations, Summer 1995

Robert Pape, Why Japan Surrendered, International Security, Fall 1993

Thomas Paterson, Potsdam, the Atomic Bomb, and the Cold War: A Discussion With James F. Byrnes, Pacific Historical Review, May 1972

President Truman Did Not Understand [interview with Leo Szilard], U.S. News and World Report, 8/15/60

Joseph Rotblat, Leaving the Bomb Project, [Groves said A-bomb was to intimidate Russia], Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Aug. 1985

Martin Sherwin, Hiroshima and Modern Memory, The Nation, 10/10/81

Martin Sherwin, How Well They Meant, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Aug. 1985

Leon Sigal, Bureaucratic Politics and Tactical Use of Committees: the Interim Committee and the Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb, Polity, Spring 1978

Alice Kimball Smith, Behind the Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb: Chicago 1944-45, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Oct. 1958

Gaddis Smith, Was Moscow Our Real Target?, New York Times Book Review, 8/18/85, pg. 16

John Sutherland, The Story Gen. Marshall Told Me, U.S. News and World Report, 11/2/59

Technology Review, August/September 1995 issue

U.S. Bombing Survey, Atomic Bomb: First Official Report On Damage to Japan, U.S. News and World Report, July 5, 1946

Brian Villa, The U.S. Army, Unconditional Surrender, and the Potsdam Proclamation, Journal of American History, June 1976

Mike Wallace, The Battle of the Enola Gay, Museum News, July/August 1995

J. Samuel Walker, The Decision to Use the Bomb: A Historiographical Update, Diplomatic History, Winter 1990

Michael Walzer, Paul Fussell, An Exchange on Hiroshima, New Republic, 9/23/81

War Was Really Won Before We Used A-bomb [interview with Ralph Bard], U.S. News and World Report, 8/15/60

We Were Anxious to Get the War Over [interview with James Byrnes], U.S. News and World Report, 8/15/60

Ellis Zacharias, Eighteen Words That Bagged Japan, Saturday Evening Post, 11/17/45

Ellis Zacharias, The A-Bomb Was Not Needed, United Nations World, Aug. 1949

Ellis Zacharias, We Did Not Need to Drop the A-Bomb, Look, 5/23/50

Ellis Zacharias, How We Bungled the Japanese Surrender, Look, 6/6/50

Diary of Henry (Hap) Arnold, Library of Congress

Papers of James F. Byrnes/Diary of Walter Brown, Clemson University Library, Clemson, SC

Diary of William D. Leahy, Library of Congress

Magic-Diplomatic Summary, Records of the National Security Agency, Magic Files, RG 457, Box 18, National Archives

Manhattan Engineering District Records, Harrison-Bundy Files, folder 77, National Archives

Diary of Henry L. Stimson, Yale University Library, New Haven, Conn.

Papers of Henry L. Stimson, Yale University Library, New Haven, Conn.

Home page of references on this page: H I R O S H I M A : WAS IT NECESSARY?